Meaning of Cybercrime
Cybercrime is different from any other crime happening in society. The reason is, it has no geographical boundaries and the cybercriminals are unknown. It is affecting all the stakeholders from government, business to citizens alike. In India cybercrime is increasing with the increased use of information and communication technology especially during the covid times.
Cybercrime in India
India is the second largest online market in the world with over 560 million internet users, ranked only behind China. It is estimated that by 2023, there would be over 650 million internet users in the country. According to the latest national crime records bureau NCRB data, a total of 27,248 cases of cybercrime were reported in India in 2018.
Types of Cybercrimes
Cybercrime can be basically divided into two major categories:
- Cybercrimes against persons like harassment occur in cyberspace or through the use of cyberspace. Harassment can be sexual, racial, religious, or other.
- Cybercrimes against property like computer wreckage (destruction of others’ property), transmission of harmful programs, unauthorized trespassing, unauthorized possession of computer information.
Cybercrimes against persons are:
Cyber-Stalking
It means to create a physical threat that creates fear to use computer technology such as the internet, e-mail, phones, text messages, webcam, websites, or videos.
Dissemination of Obscene Material
It includes Indecent exposure/ Pornography (basically child pornography), hosting of the website containing these prohibited materials. These obscene matters may cause harm to the mind of the adolescent and tend to deprave or corrupt their mind.
Hacking
It means unauthorized control/access over a computer system and the act of hacking completely destroys the whole data as well as computer programmes. Hackers usually hack telecommunication and mobile network.
E-Mail Spoofing
A spoofed e-mail may be said to be one, which misrepresents its origin. It shows its origin to be different from which actually it originates.
SMS Spoofing
Spoofing is blocking through spam which means unwanted uninvited messages. Wrongdoer steals the mobile phone number of any person and sends SMS via the internet and the receiver gets the SMS from the mobile phone number of the victim. It is a very serious cybercrime against any individual.
Carding
It means false ATM cards i.e. Debit and Credit cards used by criminals for their monetary benefits through withdrawing money from the victim’s bank account mala-fidely. There is always unauthorized use of ATM cards in this type of cybercrimes.
Cheating & Fraud
It means the person who is doing the act of cybercrime i.e. stealing passwords and data storage has done it with having a guilty mind which leads to fraud and cheating.
Child Pornography
It involves the use of computer networks to create, distribute, or access materials that sexually exploit underage children.
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Cybercrimes against property are:
As there is rapid growth in international trade where businesses and consumers are increasingly using computers to create, transmit, and store information in electronic form instead of traditional paper documents.
There are certain offenses which affect a person’s properties which are as follows:
Intellectual Property Crimes
Intellectual property consists of a bundle of rights. The common form of IPR violation may be said to be software piracy, infringement of copyright, trademark, patents, designs and service mark violation, theft of computer source code, etc.
Cyber Squatting
It means where two persons claim for the same Domain Name either by claiming that they had registered the name first on by right of using it before the other or using something similar to that previously.
Hacking Computer System
Hacktivism attacks those included Famous Twitter, blogging platform by unauthorized access/control over the computer. Due to the hacking activity, there will be a loss of data as well as computers.
Transmitting Virus
Viruses are programs that attach themselves to a computer or a file and then circulate themselves to other files and to other computers on a network.
Cyber Trespass
It means to access someone’s computer without the right authorization of the owner and does not disturb, alter, misuse, or damage data or system by using a wireless internet connection.
Cybercrime Laws in India
Cybercrimes are a new class of crimes that are increasing day by day due to the extensive use of the internet these days. To combat the crimes related to the internet The Information Technology Act, 2000 was enacted with the prime objective to create an enabling environment for commercial use of I.T. The IT Act specifies the acts which have been made punishable. The Indian Penal Code, 1860 has also been amended to take into its purview cyber crimes.
Cybercrimes under the IT Act:
- Tampering with Computer source documents
- Hacking with Computer systems, Data alteration
- Publishing obscene information
- Un-authorised access to protected system
- Breach of Confidentiality and Privacy
- Publishing false digital signature certificates
Cybercrimes under IPC and Special Laws:
- Sending threatening messages by email
- Sending defamatory messages by email
- Forgery of electronic records
- Bogus websites, cyber frauds
- Email spoofing
- Web-Jacking
- E-Mail Abuse
Cybercrimes under the Special Acts
- Online sale of Drugs under Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act
- Online sale of Arms Arms Act
Conclusion
Nowadays, cybercrimes are at their peak. Many people let go of such dangerous crimes but it should not be the case. The person must inform the concerned authority and seek legal help as far as possible. We must come forward and report cybercrime to prevent it from happening in the future and let the world become a better place to live for everyone.
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